Year: 2024 | Month: November | Volume: 14 | Issue: 11 | Pages: 301-313
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20241135
Post-COVID-19 Associated Cardiovascular Complications: A Scoping Review
Madhu Jolam1, Haritha Pasupulati2, Satyanarayana SV Padi1
1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Care College of Pharmacy, Kakatiya University, Hanamkonda, TG, India.
2Department of Pharmacy Practice, Bharat School of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, TG, India.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Satyanarayana S.V. Padi
ABSTRACT
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes the extremely infectious sickness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Globally, COVID-19 (simply, COVID) has had a terrible impact, killing more than 6 million people. SARS-CoV-2 spread quickly around the globe since the first instance of this respiratory viral infection was discovered in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, on 31 December 2019. Keeping given epidemiological estimates, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Post-COVID is a clinical condition characterized by the development of totally new COVID-19 symptoms three months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19-affected patients have been reporting a range of cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities which include myocardial inflammation, myocardial infarction, right ventricular dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, coronary artery atherosclerosis, focal myocardial fibrosis, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, viral myocarditis, postural orthostatic tachycardia symptom (POTS), aortic and arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, and arrhythmias. Cardiopulmonary symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, hypotension, and POTS are common and associated with significant disability and heightened anxiety. Additionally, the risk of CV side effects has also been reported with currently available COVID-19 vaccines. Pathophysiological mechanisms for post-COVID cardiac complications are still poorly understood. COVID-19 is anticipated to alter the long-term trajectory of many chronic cardiac diseases which are abundant in those at risk of severe disease. This review discusses the definition of post-COVID complications, pathophysiological mechanisms of underlying acute and chronic CV injury, and their impact post-COVID-19 on multiorgan health.
Key words: Cardiac complications, cardiovascular abnormalities, cardiovascular injury, cardiopulmonary symptoms, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2