Review Article
Year: 2023 | Month: August | Volume: 13 | Issue: 8 | Pages: 70-78
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230811
Self-Adjuvanted Nanovaccines: Concept and Applications
Smita C Nayak1, Vedika S Jadhav1, Vaidhun H Bhaskar1
1Department of Quality Assurance, Gahlot Institute of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Plot no. 59, Sector -14, Koparkhairane, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai University, Koparkhairane, India
Corresponding Author: Smita C Nayak
ABSTRACT
The goal of modern vaccine development is to provide effective vaccines that are safe and well-tolerated. This has inspired the rational design of contemporary subunit vaccines that are both safe and well-characterized, combining essential immunogenic components of pathogen characteristics to induce tailored responses with the right strength, quality, and specificity. Because of their capacity to overcome biological barriers, prolong circulation periods, and create an improved long-lasting protective immunological impact, nano vaccines have been researched as an emerging field in cancer immunotherapy in recent years. Nanotechnology is a broad discipline that can be applied to a variety of fields, including vaccines. It offers a variety of approaches to vaccine administration. A combination of nanotechnology and vaccines, i.e. nanovaccines can be created and injected into the human body to improve health by various mechanisms. Many vaccines contain adjuvants, which boost immunity to vaccines and experimental antigens through several methods including the development of a depot, the activation of cytokines and chemokines, the recruitment of immune cells, the enhancement of antigen absorption and presentation, and the promotion of antigen transport to draining lymph nodes. Such adjuvants have also been reported to induce innate immune responses at the injection site, resulting in a local immuno-competent microenvironment. This review focuses on the study of Self-adjuvanted nano vaccines.
Key words: Adjuvants, self-adjuvant, vaccines, nanoparticles.