Review Article
Year: 2023 | Month: January | Volume: 13 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 133-141
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230119
SGLT2 Inhibitor: A Cardio-Renal Metabolic Pill
Rekha Krishnan1, Rashmi Subramanian2, Raja Selvarajan3
1Consultant Physician and Diabetologist, Sevana Hospital, Pattambi, Palakad, Kerala, India
2Chief Research Scientist, Department of Research and Development, Kaveri Healthcare, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
3Consultant Physician and Diabetologist, Kaveri Healthcare, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Corresponding Author: Rashmi Subramanian
ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease and renal disease continue to be the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, despite decades of research into risk-reduction approaches. sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for improving blood sugar control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM Four types of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin) inhibit SGLT-2 protein expression in renal proximal convoluted tubules, reducing filtration glucose resorption, decreasing Renal Glucose Thresholds (RTG), and increasing urinary glucose excretion. As cardiovascular and renal disease are closely linked to metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, these conditions can be considered cardiovascular-renal-metabolic disease states. Patients with cardiovascular-renal-metabolic disease states need a holistic approach to managing their disease states. In this article, we discuss the cardiovascular and renal metabolic risks associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and discuss the mechanism and clinical benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors.
Key words: sodium-glucose transport protein 2; glycemic control; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease.