Original Research Article
Year: 2022 | Month: July | Volume: 12 | Issue: 7 | Pages: 214-218
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220731
A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Associated Factor among Diabetic Patients
Salal Khan1, Tara Rani2, Sana Falak3, Labishetty Sai Charan4
1M. Optometry Scholar, Department of Optometry, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P (India).
2Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P (India).
3M. Optometry Intern, Goyal Eye Institute, New Delhi (India).
4Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, Chandigarh University, Punjab (India).
Corresponding Author: Salal Khan
ABSTRACT
Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated factors among diabetic patients at Goyal Eye Institute, New Delhi.
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among diabetic patients. A total of 345 (mean age: 47±2.53 years) participants- male=192 & female=153, were enrolled in this study. They were selected through systematic sampling procedure. Explanatory data were extracted from medical records and interviews. Blood pressure (BP), Blood sugar, weight, height, and visual acuity and refraction tests were assessed. Retinal examination was performed with a Forus (3nethra) fundus camera. All the collected data was processed and analysed by Chi-square test in SPSS version 21.
Results: It was found that out of 345 subjects, 86 (24.9%) had Diabetic retinopathy (DR). Among the diabetic retinopathy patients, 68.4% had the pre-proliferative type. Five in ten (46.3%) of the patients had visual acuity problems and showing DR symptoms. Poor glycemic control (95% CI 1.46–2.41), > 10 years’ diabetes duration (95% CI 1.68–3.64), >20 years’ diabetes duration (95% CI 1.88–2.72), body-mass index >25 kg/m2 (95% CI 1.32–3.54), and hypertension (95% CI 1.44–2.62), smoking (95% CI 1.93-2.58) were factors significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy. All factors mentioned were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) with the Pearson Chi-square in SPSS version 21.
Conclusion: This study shows about a-fifth of diabetic patients had diabetic retinopathy. Risk factors of Diabetic retinopathy were significantly associated with poor glycemic control, hypertension, body-mass index (obesity), and duration or onset of illness. Routine blood sugar assessment as well as eye examination and early control of those associated factors may be important in reducing both the prevalence and impact of diabetic retinopathy.
Key words: Eye-care services, Diabetic retinopathy, Avoidable blindness, Diabetes mellitus .