Original Research Article
Year: 2021 | Month: March | Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 162-174
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Perceived Barriers Regarding Dietary Modifications among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Dialysis Unit of Selected Tertiary Care Hospital
Ujjwala Murkute1, Jessy Vaippisseril Joseph2
1M. Sc Nursing (Medical Surgical Nursing), Associate Professor, Sadhu Vaswani College of Nursing, Pune, Maharashtra, India
2M. Sc Nursing (Medical Surgical Nursing), Clinical Instructor, Sadhu Vaswani College of Nursing, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Corresponding Author: Ujjwala Murkute
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Diet therapy is the critical component of the treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients undergoing hemodialysis. The dietary restrictions is vital to maintain optimal health for the CRF patients. The study was aimed at assessing the knowledge regarding dietary modifications & perceived barriers regarding compliance to dietary modifications among patients undergoing hemodialysis. The study also had secondary objective to associate the knowledge and perceived barriers regarding dietary modifications with their selected demographic variables and to associate knowledge with perceived barriers regarding dietary modifications among patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods: Exploratory descriptive research design was used in the study. 60 subjects were included in the study with non probability convenience sampling at dialysis unit of tertiary care hospital. Data related to knowledge was collected with structured questionnaire and data related to perceived barriers regarding dietary modification was collected with Likert scale from patients visiting for their hemodialysis
Results: -Assessment of knowledge regarding dietary modifications among patients undergoing hemodialysis revealed that majority of them 35 (58.3%) had highly adequate knowledge, 24 (40%) had moderately adequate knowledge and a minority of 1 (1.7%) had inadequate knowledge. Knowledge regarding Sodium and Potassium was highest followed by knowledge related to calories and proteins, followed by fluid allowance and Phosphorous. Assessment of perceived barriers regarding compliance to dietary modifications revealed that majority of subjects 47 (88.3%) the barriers were not a problem at all, for 12 (20%) of patients the barriers were somewhat of a problem and for a minority 1 (1.7%) of the patients the barriers were a very important problem. In perceived barrier, behavioural factors were a very important problem, followed by physical condition, technical difficulties and resource adequacy. Social network was the perceived barrier that was of a least problem. There was significant association between marital status and level of knowledge whereas perceived barriers were significantly associated with family income & occupation. Knowledge is significantly associated with perceived barriers. As the knowledge increases the perceived barriers decrease and those with have high perceived barriers have low knowledge. There was no significant association of knowledge and perceived barriers with the age of patient, gender, education, type of diet, duration of hemodialysis & frequency of hemodialysis
Conclusion: - Dietary intake is a complex process that involves biological, social, cultural, psychological factors and their interaction. It is believed that the behavior in controlling dietary and fluid intake is determined by individual food choices. Food is at the same time a source of energy, pleasure and reward as well as a social bond and so choices reflect all these characteristics. Besides keeping continuous education on adequate dietary habits, it is necessary to implement behavioural interventions in order to decrease hemodialysis patients’ distress over diet and improve adherence and the control of clinical parameter that implicate on their quality of life. The provision of CKD comprehensive patient care in terms of dialysis plan, medication, fluid and dietary restriction is crucial in slowing the progression and complications of CKD.
Key words: Hemodialysis, Knowledge, Perceived barrier, Dietary modification.