Original Research Article
Year: 2020 | Month: July | Volume: 10 | Issue: 7 | Pages: 207-217
Origin and Evaluation of Pathogenic Coronavirus: A Literature Review
Navneet Kaur1, Aseem Sethi2, HC Patil3, Sarbjeet Singh1, Hashmeet Kaur1, Ujjawal Kumar Mishra1
1Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, VPO Bhucho Kalan, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India.
2Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-Ferozepur G.T. Road Moga,142001, Punjab, India.
3Principal and Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, VPO Bhucho Kalan, Bathinda, 151001,, Punjab, India.
Corresponding Author: Aseem Sethi
ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses with spike projections that give them a crown-like appearance and hence called coronaviruses. There have been two earlier outbreaks of coronaviruses but were not considered as lethal as the new coronavirus that has spread all over the world with a death toll of over 350,000. Two such closely related coronaviruses are Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV) that occurred at two different times respectively. Coronaviruses come under the Family Coronaviridae and the subfamily named Coronavirinae. There are basically four genera, Alphacoronaviruses and Betacoronaviruses that infect only mammals, while, Gammacoronaviruses and Deltacoronaviruses infect birds. Bats are likely the foremost natural reservoirs of alphacoronaviruses and beta coronaviruses. Quite a few coronaviruses phylogenetically linked with SARS-CoV were identified in bats from entirely different provinces in China and also from European, African, and Southeast Asian countries. The genesis of coronavirus is yet under controversy and needs more attention in identifying the exact onset of its origin and the strains it brings with it.
Key words: Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Origin