Review Article
Year: 2020 | Month: October | Volume: 10 | Issue: 10 | Pages: 176-188
Transmission of Novel Human Coronavirus
Poonam Batra1, Maajid Mohi Ud Din Malik2
1Assistant Professor, COPMS, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab - 151001
2Lecturer, COPMS, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab - 151001
Corresponding Author: Poonam Batra
ABSTRACT
Background: With emergence of COVID -19 pandemic, the potential of bidirectional transmission of coronavirus has been alarming and of global concern. Various illicit human activities and ecological dynamics are blameable for various spillovers. Community transmission is the major cause of escalation of this disease.
Aim: The article highlights the bats to be epicentre of all the three corona viral outbreaks namely, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19. It reveals that the coronavirus crossed the species barrier via camels, civet cats and pangolin’s considering them as intermediate host. Now this novel coronavirus has become toll for Homo sapiens through multiple modes of transmission. The potential and stringency of this contamination is dictated by genetics and immunological status of the human host. In this review, various case studies of human to animal transmission have also come into limelight.
Conclusion: Dissemination of COVID-19 virus in human community through respiratory droplet transmission has been confirmed and documented. The tradition of including wild animals in meals in some of developing countries like China and other intruding activities in the environment should be limited as it is feared of causing zoonosis and anthropozoonosis. The challenge has globally put healthcare workers on war footing in combatting the disease. The disease would continue to pose threat in community and within healthcare setting unless proper administrative, clinical, and physical measures are taken. Various struggling practices and adoptive preventive measures such as lockdown, social distancing and wearing masks or other barriers have flattened the epidemic curve of COVID -19 as reported globally.
Key words: Spillover, bidirectional transmission, zoonosis, anthropozoonosis