Original Research Article
Year: 2019 | Month: January | Volume: 9 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 59-64
Nature of the Umbilical Cord Knots and Their Effects on the Birth Weight Outcome, in Sudanese Neonates
Elghazaly A. Elghazaly1, Jameel Alghamdi2
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, KSA.
2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Baha University, KSA.
Corresponding Author: Elghazaly A. Elghazaly
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The study was aimed to assess a potential relationship between the umbilical cord knots and the birth weight outcome, in Sudanese neonates.
Materials and Methods: 980 umbilical cords of full term and normal vaginal delivery were studied, with their neonatal weight. The study includes; knot type, number, nature, coil direction and site through cord length, suing visual observation. Some knots specimens were full dissected using natural dissected tools and methods. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science version 16 (SPSS).
Results: the study shows that, true knot more in male, and associated with the advanced maternal age, multiparty, cord length and male fetus. The incidence of the false knots in male and female was about the same. A significant correlation was found between the low birth weight and true knot P-V 0.001, and not with the false knot P-V 0.127. True knots were occur more common in a fetal end of the cord, and coiled to the left side (anticlockwise direction), which is in according with general cord coils direction. The Wharton’s jelly was found increase in mount at the knots site in comparing to the rest of cord, making protective mechanism function around the cord vessels. The dissected knots specimens showed central vein surrounded by long tortuous arteries, and when cute transversely showed multiple vessels, mainly arteries.
Conclusion: It’s concluded that the tight true knot reduces the blood flow within cord vessels, in which birth weight also reduce, off all cord knots type, the true one is remains the most serious than false
Recommendation: the umbilical cord should full scanned form end to end during the pregnancy ultrasound, to check for knots type, any baby born with tight knot should be full examine, because tight knot reduce baby blood flow or decrease heart rate of the fetus , moreover the baby may born with low birth weight.
Key words: Sudanese, umbilical knots nature, and birth weight outcome