Year: 2024 | Month: February | Volume: 14 | Issue: 2 | Pages: 347-354
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240243
Water's Vital Role: Challenges and Consequences of Pollution: A Review
Vaishali A. Meshram1, Anurag Kr Singh2, Sanyogita R. Verma3
1PhD. Scholar Department of Zoology, Anand Niketan College, Anandwan, Warora, Dist Chandrapur
2Consultant Doctor (Ayurveda) at Shubham Sadbhavna Hospital, Varanasi
3Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Anand Niketan College, Anandwan, Warora, Dist Chandrapur
Corresponding Author: Vaishali A. Meshram
ABSTRACT
Most of the evolutionary theories suggest that life originated within the water. From origination to now, water has played an important role in living organisms. Earth’s 71% of the surface is covered with water. Of the total water present, 97% of the world’s water is salty or undrinkable. Water available for drinking is valuable. Freshwater can be reachable for use from rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Water availability per capita is dependent on the population of a country, and it reduces due to an increase in population. Nearly, 163 million Indians don’t have access to clean drinking water, and 21% of the communicable diseases are linked to unsafe drinking water. In India, 500 youngsters lose their lives to diarrhea every day. The average annual water availability of any land or country mostly depends on hydro-meteorological and geological aspects.
The increasing population led to an increase in the demand for goods which caused rapid industrialization and is the reason for the production of industrial wastes. This hazardous waste discharge in water bodies without any treatment and management poses a harmful environment to living beings. Hospital waste water mainly contains infectious microbes and pharmaceutical drugs and it is released to municipal wastewater treatment plants without any pre-treatment further, this discharging of the wastewater into water bodies imposes a significant threat to the environment.
These industrial wastes destroy the environment by polluting water, air, and soil. The quantity and quality of wastewater depends on the type of industry, it can contain biodegradable waste such as paper, wool, leather, etc., and non-biodegradable waste such as heavy metals, pesticides, and plastic. Hazardous such as reactive, carcinogenic, and ignitable also releases.
Key words: environment; water source; census; population; hazardous chemical.